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Karel Kramář (27 December 1860 – 26 May 1937) was a Czech (Bohemian) politician. During his time as representative in the Austrian-Hungarian Reichstag (Imperial Council) from 1891 to 1915 he was known as Dr. Karl Kramarsch. He was born in Vysoké nad Jizerou, near the northern border of what is now the Czech Republic, into a well to do family. He was very talented and spoke at least half a dozen languages fluently, that allowed him to make many valuable contacts on an international scale all through Europe and even America. He studied law, obtaining a doctor degree. He married a Russian socialite, Naděžda Abrikosová, establishing many bonds there. == Biography == He became the leader of the Young Czech Party in Austria-Hungary and later of the National Democratic Party in Czechoslovakia.Even before the First World War his goal was to create an independent Czechoslovakia and he lobbied for this on a worldwide basis. In 1914, at the beginning of World War I he resigned his leadership of the Young Czech party supposedly because the party drifted toward a more nationalistic and oppositional stance, more probably to reduce his profile to the authorities. A liberal nationalist with close ties to the political elite in Prague and Vienna, Kramář pursued a policy of cooperation with the Austrian state as the best means of achieving Czech national goals before the First World War, even as he favored closer ties between the Czechs and the Russian Empire. His commitment to this policy of cooperation with the Austrian government ("positive politics" in the parlance of the day) led him to resign his leadership of the Young Czech party in 1914 as the party drifted toward a more nationalist and oppositional stance. During the First World War the Austrian authorities charged Kramář with treason, tried him and ultimately sentenced him to 15 years of hard labour. His imprisonment acted however to galvanise Czech nationalist opinion against the Austrian state. The new Emperor Karl I released Kramář as part of a general political amnesty in 1917. Formerly a close associate of Tomáš Masaryk, later the first president of Czechoslovakia, Kramář and Masaryk were barely on speaking terms by 1914. Kramář, as the most prominent politician in Czechoslovakia, was named the country's first prime minister (14 November 1918 – 8 July 1919), much to the displeasure of Masaryk. Kramář, a strong Russophile who was married to a Russian, subsequently represented Czechoslovakia at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919 but later resigned over Foreign Minister Edvard Beneš's failure to support anti-Bolshevik White forces in Russia. Following the first general election in Czechoslovakia, Kramář's party, now the National Democratic party, became a minor player in the various interwar governments of the new state. Later, Kramář worked together with Jiří Stříbrný and František Mareš in the National Union (''Národní sjednocení''). In May 1919, an anarchist named Alois Šťastný made an unsuccessful attempt to kill Kramář. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Karel Kramář」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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